Bladder stones, or uroliths, are a common health concern for dogs and can cause discomfort, urinary issues, and serious complications if left untreated. At Dixie Vet Clinic, we want to ensure pet owners understand the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for this condition to keep their furry friends happy and healthy.
What Are Bladder Stones?
Bladder stones are hard mineral deposits that form in a dog’s bladder. They develop when certain minerals in the urine crystallize and clump together. These stones can vary in size and number, sometimes forming as a single large stone or multiple smaller ones.
Causes of Bladder Stones
Several factors contribute to bladder stone formation, including:
Diet: High levels of certain minerals, such as calcium, magnesium, or phosphorus, can increase the risk.
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Bacteria can alter the urine’s pH, leading to crystal formation.
Genetics: Some breeds, including Dalmatians, Miniature Schnauzers, and Bulldogs, are predisposed to bladder stones.
Dehydration: Insufficient water intake results in more concentrated urine, promoting stone formation.
Metabolic Disorders: Conditions like hypercalcemia (elevated calcium levels) can increase the likelihood of stones.
Signs and Symptoms
Bladder stones can cause a range of symptoms, including:
In severe cases, a stone may block the urinary tract, leading to a life-threatening emergency where the dog cannot urinate at all. This requires immediate veterinary attention.
Diagnosis and Treatment
If you suspect your dog has bladder stones, a veterinarian will perform a physical exam, urinalysis, and imaging tests such as X-rays or ultrasound to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment options depend on the size and type of the stones:
Dietary Management: Special prescription diets can help dissolve certain types of stones over time.
Medications: Antibiotics may be needed if an infection is present.
Surgical Removal: For large or obstructive stones, surgery (cystotomy) may be necessary.
Non-Surgical Removal: Some small stones can be flushed out using a catheter-assisted technique.
Bladder stones diagnosed via radiographic images

Bladder during surgical cystotomy for removal of bladder stones.

Uroliths removed from bladder prior to being sent to the Minnesota Urolith Center for testing.
Preventing Bladder Stones
To reduce the risk of bladder stones in your dog, consider these preventative measures:
Provide plenty of fresh water to promote frequent urination.
Feed a balanced diet recommended by your veterinarian.
Schedule regular vet checkups to monitor urinary health.
Address underlying conditions, such as infections or metabolic disorders.
When to See a Vet
If your dog shows any signs of urinary discomfort or abnormal urination, don’t wait—seek veterinary care right away. Early detection and treatment can prevent serious complications and keep your pet comfortable.
At Dixie Vet Clinic, we are committed to providing expert care for pets in St. George and the surrounding areas. If you have concerns about your dog’s urinary health, contact us today to schedule an appointment!
Your pet’s health starts with proactive care—let us help you keep them happy and thriving!